自由主义与美国的外交政策

自由主义是美国外交政策的一个传统。自由主义溯源于欧洲,进入美国本土后经过实用主义精神的改造,逐渐生成了美国式自由主义;进入美国外交政策过程后,受到了外交政策理念中的现实主义和保守主义的影响,逐渐被意识形态化为美国式的所谓自由民主大战略。美国外交政策中自由主义、保守主义、现实主义等政策理念的目标是一致的,都致力于推进所谓自由民主制度的输出事业,用美国的模式改造世界,只是在优先次序、行为方式以及具体政策手段上存在差别。就自由主义对中美关系的影响而言,自由主义者设定的政策偏好为中美关系设置了人权、社会制度以及开放经济体制等三个矛盾区,也创造了注重多边合作和支持中国加入国际体制等两个机遇区。因此,如何平衡两个方面的关系成为新时期中国对美工作的一个重要任务。

The Influence of Liberalism on the Foreign Policy of U. S. A.

Liberalism is derived from Europe, and had developed into the liberalism with American characteristics. Influenced by the realism and conservatism in US foreign ideology, it has been ideologized as the so-called liberal-democracy grand strategy in foreign policy-process. The main objectives of liberalism, conservatism and realism were the same: they are all devoted themselves into promoting the enterprise of exporting liberal-democracy system abroad and remaking the world through American model. However, their priority, means and policy measures are different. When we explore the implications of liberalism in the Sino-US relations we could come to the conclusion: the policy preference set by liberalists makes three incompatible areas and also creates two opportunity areas. So, how to balance the two sides will be one of the important tasks of China's diplomacy to America in the new era.