农户分化背景下制度变迁对农田水利自治的影响

随着农户分化的演进,建立在个体同质化基础上的"机械团结"型农田水利自治日益式微,与分化格局相适应的"有机团结"型自治亟需跟进。基于"结构-过程-功能"范式构建了农户分化背景下的制度变迁与农田水利自治分析框架,并采用案例分析揭示了三者间的作用机制。研究结果表明:农户分化伴随着乡村社会的观念多元化、精英能人等关键群体的涌现以及决策主体的缩减,其从变异、选择与遗传三个层面推动了制度变迁的进程,改变了农户群体的规则感知与策略行为,并最终对农田水利自治效能产生影响。在农户分化的背景下,顺势推动乡村社会的观念进步,引导精英能人成为农田水利规则变革的带头人,创新水务决策模式,是推动农田水利自治迈向"有机团结"的可行路径。

Influence of Institutional Change on Self governance of Farmland Water Conservancy Under the Background of Rural Household Differentiation

As farmers differentiate,the rural mechanical solid governance based on individual homogenization has become increasingly declining,while organic solid governance compatible with the differentiation pattern is urgently needed.This paper constructs a“Structure-Process-Function”analysis framework for institutional change and self-governance of farmland water conservancy from the perspective of farmers’differentiation,and uses multiple-case analysis to reveal the relationship among farmers’differentiation,institutional change and self-governance.The results show that farmers’differentiation has led to concepts’diversification in rural society,emergence of“critical mass”and reduction of decision-making actors.Farmers’differentiation promotes institutional change at levels of variation,selection and genetics,which in turn changes the rules perception and strategic behaviors of farmers,and ultimately influences the performance of rural self-governance.In the context of farmers’differentiation,decision makers should upgrade the concepts of rural society,guide elites to become leaders in rural reform,and encourage innovation in democratic decision-making models of self-governance of farmland water conservancy.