杜威的教育目的观及其现实意义

杜威对美国的传统教育目的观进行了深入批判。他提出良好目的的三个标准是现实性、实验性、目的和手段相互转换;其特征是:教育目的必须根据受教育者的活动和需要、教育目的必须能转换为方法、教育者必须警惕抽象的终极的目的。杜威把教育目的区分为内在的和外在的,他虽然宣称教育本身无目的,教育过程在它以外并无目的,但他并不是"教育无目的论"者,他的教育目的是为民主主义社会服务。杜威教育目的观的现实意义主要有三点:应重视教育目的的现实性和生活性,应重视教育目的的内在性和主体性,应重视教育目的的社会性和活动性。

Dewey's Purposes of Education and Its Realistic Significance

Dewey gave a penetrating criticism to the purpose of the traditional education.He argued that the three criteria for good purpose are being realistic,experimental and ends and means being mutually exchanged,that the three features for good educational purposes are: educational purposes must be based on the activities and needs of the educatees,that the educational purposes must be transformed into methods,and that educators must be on alert on the abstract and ultimate goals.Dewey classified the educational purposes into those internal and external.He claimed that the education itself has no purpose of any kind except education itself,but he did not advocate that education was purposeless.Instead,he argued that education be targeted at offering service for the democratic society.This idea has three realistic meanings for us.The education purposes' realistic and life meaning,their inherent nature and subjectivity,and their sociality and activity should be stressed.