中国传统专制主义理论之演进及其终结

传统专制主义理论在中国古代历史上大致经历了先秦诸子的实用专制主义、西 汉董仲舒的神学专制主义和宋代新儒的理学专制主义三个理论阶段；这一理论以保守主义作 为政治哲学基础，普遍接受家国同构与政神合一的政治思维模式，倡导群体本位的政治价值 理念，最终落实在政出一孔的政治操作规程；近代维新运动以后，新兴知识分子对西方民主 自由思想的接纳，动摇了这一理论的学理基础；经由“五四”大潮的冲刷，传统专制主义理 论终结。

The Evolution of Theory on Chinese Traditional Despotism and Its Termination

The theory on Chinese traditional despotism had experienced three stages before modern times, they were the practical despotism of Masters during pre-Qin period, the theological despotism of Dong Zhongshu in the West Han Dyn asty, and the despotism of Neo-Confucians in the Song dynasty. Based on a philos ophic idea of conservatism, accepting a thinking pattern that integrated family and state, politics and god, advocating a political value idea stemmed from coll ectiveness, Traditional despotist theory fulfilled a governmental process that c ontrolled by one. After Reform Movement in modern time, being shook on its acad emic foundation by the new intellectuals accepting democratic idea of the west, and being struck by May Fourth movement, traditional despotist theory came to an end.