紧急状态下国家自我保存权问题思考

疾病威胁同人类一样古老，其发展与变化不可预测。人类还有持续利用病菌作为武器攻击他人的事例出现。在对极端致命威胁的防治问题上，紧急状态下国家自我保存权问题尤为引人关注。国家自我保存权理论经历了从国家违反国际法义务的权力、正当理由到仅作为免责借口的发展历程，但其模糊性的特点仍然存在。国家难以平衡“国家权力”与“面临危险威胁的人的权利”之间的关系。《国家对国际不法行为的责任条款草案》第25条和第26条旨在处理这一棘手问题。该第25条和第26条有较严格的适用条件限制，结合实例论述该适用条件有助于正确认识和把握国家自我保存权。

On Self-preservation Power of State under Emergency Conditions

Disease threats are as old as mankind. In history, man has used germs to attack others. In precaution against extremely deadly disease, the self-preservation power of state in the face of threats of extreme lethality is par-ticularly noteworthy. The theory of the self-preservation power of state has developed from right theory of state viola-ting international law responsibilities to just cause theory and then to just as exemption excuses theory. But its ambi-guity still exists. It is difficult for state to balance the relations between state power and human rights under the threat of danger. Article 25 and 26 of Draft Articles on State Responsibility for Internationally Wrongful Acts purpose to re-solve these problematic issues. These articles have some strict applying conditions. It is helpful to correctly under-stand and grasp the self-preservation power of state by exemplifying how these conditions are applied.