论医疗机构的安全保障义务

医疗机构可以被定位为准经营者和公共场所的管理者，是安全保障义务的主体。医疗机构除了应当与其他安全保障义务主体承担一般的安全保障义务外．还应当承担对患者在诊疗活动外因不具有专业性的辅助诊疗活动行为产生的特殊安全保障义务。对于医疗机构违反安全保障义务，原则上由患方负担举证责任。但当安全保障义务中的“危险”完全由医疗机构控制和避免时，法院应当依据举证责任减轻原理，缓解患方的举证责任，而使医疗机构负担相应的举证责任。

On the Safeguard Obligation of Medical Institution

The medical institution which can be defined as the quasi-operators and the managers of public places is the subject of the security obligation. Besides the ordinary security obligation undertaken by other subjects, the medical institution also should undertake the particular security obligation which is caused by non-professional secondary treatment behavior to the patients. In principle, the patients should undertake the onus probandi as some medical institutions go against the security obligation. However, when the risk contained in the security obligation should be fully controlled or avoided by medical institutions, the court should relieve the onus probandi of patients based on the principle of mitigating the onus probandi and then make the medical institutions undertake the corre- sponding onus probandi.