被动式与动词的及物性

及物动词作为动词的一种次分类,其内部并不是同质的,因为有些及物句能转换成被动句,有些则不能。在这个认识的基础上,可利用被动式作为一种测试手段来判断及物动词的及物性问题。在参照原型及物结构与非原型及物结构的观点及观察语料的基础上,首先把及物动词按能否进入被动句式分成两类,然后再根据能否单独出现在被动句式把出现在被动句式的动词分成两类。这样,及物动词就可以按照它们的及物性被分成三个次类,以此建立汉语及物动词的及物性阶层。

Passive form and verb's transitivity

This article believed that, the transitive verb, as one kind of verb classification, its interior is not the homogeneity. Because some sentence may transform passive clause, others cannot. On the basis of this understanding, we utilize the passive form as one test method in order to judge transitivity of the transitive verb. Through referencing prototype and non- prototype transitive structure and observing language materials, this article firstly divided the transitive verb into two kinds according to whether can enter passive clause, and then divided the transitive verb into two kinds according to whether can appear alone in passive clause. Thus, the transitive verb can be divided into three kinds according to their transitivity. By this we can establish transitive stratum of Chinese transitive verb.