知识交易及其规则与大学组织制度变迁

我国大学组织的市场化改革成为教育改革的热门话题已经10年有余了。这一改革进程的源头无疑在于政府倡导的经济市场化。但是为什么经济的市场化与大学的市场化是两个明显不同的进程?为什么有关政府对大学组织的制度化影响总是被大学自身所修正?本文对这一问题的分析超出了以“教育自身的规律”和“大学自身的属性”这些概念做解释的习惯性模式,关注知识本身的属性,以新制度经济学的制度变迁理论和交易成本理论对大学制度变迁过程中知识交易的作用和规律做出了总结,并提出了大学制度变迁中知识交易的市场特征和价格体系。

The Rules of Knowledge Exchange and the Institutional Transition of Universities as Organizations

As an important part of educational reform, the market reform on universities as organizations has been a hot topic for more than ten years. It is originated from the market economy in China. But why is the market economy different from the marketization of universities? Why did those institutional influences imposed by government have to be adjusted when introduced into universities? This paper emphasizes the importance of knowledge itself and takes a different perspective of the issues from the traditional concepts such as "regulations of education" and "essence of universities". Based on the theories of institutional transition and exchange cost, the present authors bring forward some market characters and price system of knowledge exchange in the institutional transition of universities, and meanwhile conclude the functions and regulations of knowledge exchange.