狂欢理论的有效性及其阐释边界

巴赫金的狂欢理论忽略了主体承载文化的复杂性这一基本事实。作为权威文化和狂欢文化的载体,民间充满着自我冲突与罪感。在民间精神结构的复合整体中,狂欢文化只是一个次要的部分,它最后达成的是对既有权威文化的加固。另外,巴赫金把民间文化概括为以笑谑为主的狂欢文化也是片面的,它忽略了民间文化中的恐惧、自欺、粗浅、鄙陋等要素。狂欢文化乃至民间文化无法完成超越、更新既有权威文化的重任,寄望于民间形态的狂欢文化只是一个不可实现的乌托邦。从权威文化对种种"狂欢"文化的收服来看,狂欢理论的有效性仅限于文本的局部,其阐释边界极为有限。如果不顾这一边界的存在而以其阐释文本全部,则势必要曲解文本。

The Validity and the Boundary of the Carnival Theory

Bakhtin's carnival theory ignores the complexity of the basic fact that the subject can believe in all cultures.The subject like folk who carries authority culture and carnival culture is full of self-conflict,self-repression,as well as a sense of sin.Throughout the culture,carnival culture is only a less important functional part,whose self-understanding is humble and tiny.Even if there is subversive imagination,the order it has established is still a replica of the original order,and even the pure of the original order,and finally reached is to reinforce the existing authority culture.