中国现代化进程中的农民问题

"农民"一词产生很早,在古汉语中,它的基本含义是以耕种为生的人。在以农为本的古代,农民受到尊重。民国时期,农民的基本含义未变,但是它被严重地政治化了。在前改革时代,农民的传统含义被颠覆,农民成了为国家生产粮食、为现代化提供积累的不可改变的身份,且农民本身被政治上层级化。改革开放以后,农民的权利保障有所提高,农民自身的等级被取消,但是城乡二元这一歧视农民的社会结构仍然存在。解决当代中国农民问题的核心是农民权利保障,其中尤为重要的是农民的财产权、平等权和迁徙权的保障,使农民成为一种自由选择的职业,而不是身份。

The Peasants in Modernization Drive of China

In ancient China,agriculture was valued,so were peasants.In the Republic of China(1912-1949),peasants were politicalized.Before 1978,peasants produced grain for the country and provided wealth for modernization.And peasants were classified in politics.After 1978,the rights of peasants were raised a little,but the structure of rural and urban distinction still stays that discriminates the peasants.The core of solving the problem of peasants is to protect the rights of peasants,of which property rights,equal rights and migrating rights are very important.Being peasants should be of a job to choose freely and not identity.