唐至北宋时期的太庙禘祫礼仪

唐至北宋时期太庙禘袷礼仪的变化,主要表现在三个方面:汉魏以来太祖以上的毁庙之主不参与禘袷合食的成例在晚唐发生了改变,这些神主参与禘袷礼仪的程度不断加深；别庙皇后开始参与太庙的禘袷合食,暂居别庙的皇后神主从晚唐开始以祔于祖姑之下的形式合食太庙,到了北宋,还确立了长居别庙的皇后神主参加太庙合食的制度；北宋后期,朝廷取消了禘礼.这些变化说明:禘袷礼仪尊崇正统、体现名分的功能有所淡化,敬奉祖先、着眼本宗的考量不断凸显；汉魏礼学家对儒家经典的解释已经无法左右禘袷礼仪的调整.

The Grand Imperial Ancestral Sacrifices between the Tang and Northern Song Dynasties

As an important part of the imperial ancestral rituals,the grand ancestral sacrifices,which were called Di and Xia,were very controversial,especially in the Tang and Northern Song Dynasties.The central point at issue was how to place in the Di and Xia sacrifices the spirit tablets of the ancestors beyond Taizu after they were moved out of imperial ancestral temple.The convention of precluding those ancestors out of the Di and Xia sacrifices terminated from the late Tang on.On the other hand,the spirit tablets of empresses and imperial concubines temporally or permanently enshrined in the empress temple could attend the Di and Xia sacrifices.These changes showed the rise of the private aspect of the Di and Xia sacrifices and the breakthrough of the Di and Xia pattern beginning from the Han and Wei dynasties.The abolishment of the Di meant that the interpretation of classics by the Han and Wei scholars could not dominate the Di and Xia sacrifices any longer.