关于救荒政策与宋朝民变规模之评说

纵观中国古代历史,宋朝是一个唯独没有发生全国范围农民起义的朝代。比之历朝历代,特别是经过唐末五代乱世之后建立的宋朝,社会阶级矛盾仍旧非常尖锐。然而,宋朝统治者为了长治久安,在革除唐末五代种种弊端和积极发展经济文化的同时,把救荒之政作为治国安民的首要,并采取了诸如：募饥民、流民隶军籍、宽减饥民＂强盗＂死罪,募富民出钱粟,赈济、赈贷和赈粜灾民的＂劝分＂制,以及核查赈灾户口调查登记的抄劄制等救荒政策和措施。这些救荒之举措始终贯穿着＂摧抑兼并＂、抑制豪强的思想和方针,并将其落实到实处。其结果就是宋代的救荒政策在中国古代史上取得了巨大进步,达到了防止农民于饥荒之时作乱或起义暨巩固其既有的统治秩序的目的,从而消弭了形成全国规模民变的可能性,没有形成一个全国性的农民战争的条件。

On the Famine Relief Policies and the Scale of Peasant Uprising in the Song Dynasty

Throughout the ancient Chinese history, the Song dynasty is the only period during which there was no nationwide peasant rebellion. Compared with that of other dynasties, the class conflict in the Song dynasty was still particularly serious, especially when it was established after the tumultuous times of the late Tang and Five Dynasties. However, for the sake of social stability, Song rulers got rid of all malpractice of the late Tang dynasty and the Five Dynasties, and developed economy and culture. They gave priority to famine relief policies, taking such measures as recruiting the hungry and raising relief fund.Those policies consistently attached importance to the restriction of merger. As a result, the famine relief policies in the Song dynasty prevented farmers from rebelling in the time of famine, consolidating social order.