在：从“存在”义动词到时问副词——兼论“正在”之形成

“在”由处所动词发展出时间副词的用法，句法上，经历了从V＋VP]到Adv．＋VP]的重新分析；语义上，经历了表“存在”→表“在……状态之中”→表“动作进行或状态持续”的虚化。文章通过大量例证，对“在”跨方所一时态范畴演化过程作详尽的论述，同时讨论时间副词“正在”的形成过程。提出时间副词“正在”是“正”和“在”叠加使用的结果，“在”突出当前一段时间动作行为的存在状况，是时段概念；而“正在”的语法性质与“正”更接近，强调动作行为发生的时间位置，是时点概念。

Zai: From the Sense of "Existence" to an Adverb of Time

＂zai＂ develops from a verb of location to an adverb of time. Syntactically, it moves from V ＋ VP] to Adv ＋ VP]; semanti- cally, it moves from ＂Existence＂ to ＂in the state of＂ to ＂the progress of action or the continuation of state＂. This paper made a careful analysis of the changes of this word using extensive evidence. Meanwhile, it also discusses the formation of the adverb of time, ＂zhengzai＂, pointing out that it is the result of over-layering of ＂zheng＂ and ＂zai＂. ＂zai＂ expresses ＂the prominent existence of ac- tion or behavior at the present time＂, while ＂zhengzai＂ emphasizes the time and location of an act or behavior happened.