论司空图《诗品》“雄浑美”的特征及其哲学文化基础

司空图《诗品》中的"雄浑美"有三个方面的审美特征:审美主体具有雄健浑厚的精神品格、恢弘豪壮的精神气魄和激烈高昂的感情特色;审美境界具有"至大至刚"的审美特征;心物关系上,具有物我同构、神与物游、物大我亦大的特征。《诗品》中"雄浑美"的提出有三个层次的哲学文化基础:中国古老的"天人合一"的哲学根源;中国士大夫刚健有为的人生态度和文化心理结构;"盛唐诸公"特别是李杜诗歌的审美经验、文化实践基础。

On the Grand and Beautiful Features of Poetic Styles and Its Philosophical and Cultural Foundations

The "grandeur and beauty" in Si Kong-tu’s Poetic Styles is characterized by three aesthetic aspects: the aesthetic subjects have grand spiritual quality, great and heroic vision and impassioned emotional trait; the aesthetic realm has the feature of "greatness and firmness"; the subject is harmoniously blended with the objects. The presentation of the above features is based on the philosophical and cultural foundations of three levels: the ancient philosophical origin that Heaven and man is one; the firm and accomplished attitude of life and psychological structure of Chinese scholar-officials; and the aesthetic experience and cultural practice foundations of the poems by the poets in prosperous Tang Dynasty, especially those by Li Bai and Du Fu.