近代英国社会结构变迁中的文化牵引作用

近代英国社会由高度分层的五分层等级社会向三层式社会结构变迁,又从三层制塔型结构向中间不断膨大、分层越加细密、难以阶级属性描述的梨性结构变迁。在这个流动与变化的过程中,社会分层的相对性、模糊性、互动性和变化性最为本质。社会上层引领、各阶层参与建构的文化认同新要素,起到了整合分层利益、固着分层结构、促进社会和谐的作用。它表现为精英向下吸取各阶层价值观念,全社会向上看齐精英传统理念,从而共同铸就近代英国"绅士文化",在分层结构变迁中文化的牵引作用成为稳定和谐发展的关键。

The Cultural Traction in Modern British Social Structural Changes

Modern British social structure,to begin with,changes from a five-tier highly stratified hierarchical society to a three-tier one.Then it changes from a three-tier social structure like the shape of a tower to a pear-shaped one with its middle part getting bigger and bigger and its stratification getting thicker and thicker so that it can hardly be described as class property.In the process of the flow and change,the most essential is the relativity,ambiguity,interaction and variability of the social stratification.The new elements of cultural identity led by the social upper strata and constructed by all classes of people have effects on the integration of the hierarchy interests and on the solidity of layered structure and on promoting social harmony.It reflects that the elites absorb values from the other hierarchies,and the other social parts learn from the traditional aristocratic concepts,therefore the whole social hierarchy created the modern British general culture.In the process of the change of the stratification structure,the cultural traction has a crucial effect on the stable and harmonious development of society.