退耕还林（草）工程的制度创新

退耕还林(草)工程的补贴制度作为对我国以往生态环境治理制度的突破,带来了巨大的生态环境治理效益.其创新之处在于通过激励退耕农户经营活动的外部性来实现改善生态环境的社会目标.目前,这一制度正面临着地权残缺、产权主体冲突和限制农户行为的自主性等问题.建立具有私人产权性质的物权化的土地使用权,将社区和农民参与的机制引入退耕还林(草)管理中是未来退耕还林(草)制度的创新方向.

System Innovation for Converting Cultivated Land into Forest/Grass

As a breakthrough in ecological/environmental control in China,the compensation system for related farmers in implementing the project of converting cultivated land into forest/grass is bringing enormous ecological/environmental benefits.What the system innovates lies in that it improves ecological environment by way of incentive to encourage farmers who converted their farmland into forest/grass to change the externalities in their business operations.The system,however, is facing some challenges,such as the vague land ownership,the conflict due to ambiguous land ownership and limited autonomy of farmers' activities.So,the system innovation should be proceeding to clarify the land ownership,i.e.,private property and lead the participation mechanism of communities/farmers to converting cultivated land into forest/grass.