重温马克思两大发现的诞生及其关系——对目前《资本论》研究中一种倾向的辩诘

在否认剩余价值理论科学性的同时承认唯物史观,是当下《资本论》研究中的一种重要倾向。要分析这种倾向就得重温马克思两大发现的诞生及其关系。马克思通过政治经济学研究得到了其第一个科学发现,即被称为唯物史观的＂人类历史的发展规律＂;在这个发现的指导下,马克思进一步研究政治经济学而作出了第二个科学发现,即以剩余价值理论为基础的＂资产阶级社会的特殊的运动规律＂;第二个发现对第一个发现又起到了证成作用。因而这两个科学发现之间是普遍性与特殊性的关系,而不是哲学与科学的关系,也不是两种哲学的关系。脱离剩余价值理论的唯物史观与脱离唯物史观的剩余价值理论一样,都是不能成立的。

Relationship between Marx＇s two scientific discoveries responding a tendency in Capital research

There is an obvious tendency in Capital research that denies the theory of surplus value but recognizes materialist conception of history simultaneously. In response to this tendency we need to research the relationship between Marx＇s two scientific discoverers. Through political economy research Marx made his first discovery： the law of development of human history which is called materialist conception of history. Under the guidance of this discovery, Marx made his second discovery： the special law of motion governing the bourgeois society based on the theory of surplus value. The second discovery constructs the first one. Thus the relationship between those two discoveries is universality and particularity; the relationship is neither philosophy and science nor two kinds of philosophies. The separation between materialist conception of history and theory of surplus value is not established.