吊簿:姻亲交往秩序的文化图像

本文对山东南部红山峪村①的一份吊簿进行了深入、细致的分析。文章认为,吊簿作为一种民间文献,在人们生活中是为了方便姻亲交往而记录的,其间反映的内容非常之丰富。吊簿不仅展现出在人们观念之中的以死者为中心的亲属网络,而且其本身就是一张姻亲交往秩序的文化图像。它以礼物的价值和指标清晰地体现出联姻家族之间的“亲戚理”——阶序性关系。这种阶序性关系与礼物的内容和经济价值的大小有一个互释的关系,人群与人群之间的关系决定了礼物的价值和流向,反过来,礼物的价值和流向也足以区别人群之间的关系。熟稔村落生活的人根据礼金和实物,基本上可以准确判断出上礼者在死者的亲属序列中的具体位置。

List of Presents for Funeral:a Cultural Picture on the Order of Communication Among the Affinity

This thesis has made a thorough and detailed analyze on the list of presents for funeral in Hongshanyu Village of Southern Shandong Province.The thesis holds that the list of presents for funeral,as a kind of folk documents,is recorded for the convenience of communication among affinity,but what it reflects is quite plentiful.Not only does the list display the network of relatives centered around the dead in people's minds,but also it is in itself a cultural picture on the order of communication among the affinity.It clearly illustrates the order among affinity,the relationship in sequence,through the value and index of the presents.This sequenced relationship is in accordance with the content and value of the presents,which is in a way explaining each other.The relationship among the groups decides the value and the moving direction of the presents,in the same way,it is through the value and the moving direction of the presents that the relationship among the groups can be differentiated.Generally speaking,by looking at the list,a person familiar with country life can exactly tell what the sequence the person offering the present is in the sequenced levels of relationships through the amount of gift money and other offerings.