诉讼法理与非讼法理交错下的共有物分割诉讼

理论界对于共有物分割诉讼性质的诸多争议造成实务审理极大的分歧与误区，实践中即频频产生将分割诉讼定性为不当得利返还诉讼或共有物确权诉讼的认知偏差，进而造成法院突袭裁判、审理不尽、执行依据不明确等问题。分割诉讼系委诸于法院的裁量权，依个案酌定适当的分割方法，具有非讼事件本质；而分割事件诉讼化审理可赋予共有人更充分的程序保障，并能合理化解分割事件上诉程序存在的逻辑难题，此为分割诉讼性质的二元化属性。分割诉讼中，诉讼法理与非讼法理交错适用的切入点应为分割方法之确定，交错适用的结合点应为形式上形成之诉的定性。中国物权法未规定裁判分割方法的形成要件，法官审判的作业程序不重在认定形成权的要件事实，而重在直接实现其合目的性的“行政行为”，故将法规适用于事实的司法性格在分割诉讼中被淡化，共有物分割诉讼是形式上的形成诉讼。

The Action of Partitioning Res Communes Staggered by Procedural Doctrina and Non-contentious Doctrina

There is much dispute about the nature of the action of partitioning res communes in our theoretical field, which has caused great divergence and misunderstanding in the practical trial, and there are frequent cognitive deviations that characterize the partitioning action as unjust enrichment return litigation or confirmation litigation of joint property rights, which will lead to the court’s surprise judgment, incomplete trial, unclear basis for execution and other issues. The action of partitioning res communes relies on the discretion of the court, determines the appropriate partitioning methods according to the case, and is non-contentious by nature. Even if the partitioning methods determined by the court according to ex officio doctrine is not declared by the parties, it does not violate the principle of disposition, and also do not applicable of adversary doctrine. The action is the procedures of inherent necessary joint action, res litigiosae of the action should be determined in accordance with the whole parties, otherwise the capacity to be a party may be considered incomplete. In the action of partitioning res communes, the point of penetration for staggered application by procedural jurisprudence and non-contentious doctrina is the determination of partitioning method, the point of junction for staggered application is the nature of formal action of formation.