诗僧的宗派身份与北宋中期钱塘台禅生态--《山游唱和诗》之研究

以僧人为主导、以山寺为游憩地的《山游唱和诗》,发生在北宋中期的钱塘,呈现出与汴京以官员为主导、以朝市为日常生活区的唱和完全不同的诗歌景观,反映的是地方与京师、南方与北方不同的话语生态。在对两位僧人惟晤、契嵩教禅宗派身份追寻以及认定的过程中,窥探嘉祐时期钱塘特别是灵隐天竺一带既冲突较量又和谐繁荣的教禅生态环境。而契嵩为禅宗争名位的一系列行为,打破了教禅生态自然平衡,引发了钱塘教禅生态突发性变化;在士大夫权力干预下,发生嘉祐末上天竺寺"以教易禅"事件,再次凸显政治权力介入宗教事务的强势力量。这一生态及其变化为我们提供了解读《山游唱和诗》的鲜活语境。

Sect Identity of Poet Monks and the Ecology of Tiantai Sect and Chan Sect in Qiantang in the Middle of Northern Song Dynasty--Study of Responding Poems of Mountain Trip

Dominated by monks and taking mountain temples as travel and habitat destinations,Responding Poems of Mountain Trip,occurring in Qiantang in the middle Northern Song Dynasty,has displayed a complete different poetic scenario from those responding poems dominated by officials in Bianjing and taking the mortal life as their daily living quarter,reflected the ecology of different discourse between the local and the capital,the north and the south.While probing into and identifying the sect identity of Weiwu and Qisong,we can get a glimpse of the competing and harmonious ecological environment of Buddhism and Chan Sect in Qiantang,especially in Lingyin Temple in times of Jiayou.The series of action by Qisong for the position of Chan Sect had broken the natural balance between Buddhism and Chan Sect,and triggered sudden changes of Buddhism-Chan ecology in Qiantang.With the interference from officials,the incident of"replacing Chan Sect withBuddhism"in Upper Tianzhu Temple at the end of Jiayou,and this showed the strong power of the political interference in religious affairs.This very ecology and those changes offer us a vivid context to interpret Responding Poems of Mountain Trip.