美国修宪中的协商民主:制度分析与启示

宪法修改是在一定程序下对国家根本法的变更，实质上是各种力量为了在最高法层面支持其利益实现而进行的博弈过程。为了能使宪法内容更能体现人民权利扩展、权力服务民众的要求，必须在修宪程序中融人更多的协商民主制度。通过实证分析可知，美国修宪是联邦与州共同参加，联邦议会主导的过程，其制度安排有着不少体现平等协商、审慎对话、民众参与等协商民主制度。这些制度为完善我国修宪程序提供了启示。

Deliberative Democracy in Constitution Revising of the United States： Institutional Analysis and Enlightenment

Constitution Revising is a procedure changing the fundamental law of the country. It is the process that various forces play a game for the supporting of constitution to realize their interests. The amending process must incorporate more deliberative democracy system in order to make constitution embody more people＇s rights and limit powers of government. Empirical analysis shows that the revising procedure of Constitution of USA is a process that federal and state participates together are in the dominating position in Federal Parliament. The system arrangement has a lot of equal consultation, careful dialogue, and public participation deliberative democracy. These deliberative democracy systems provide enlightenment for the improvement of China＇s Constitution revising.