跨国公司演进的知识观

传统跨国公司理论认为,知识的公共物品属性以及知识产品交易的市场失效是导致跨国公司演进的原因,这种分析没有反映企业所拥有并擅长的进行隐性知识转移的功能,忽视了子公司在知识创造中的作用,而且没有充分考虑到对外直接投资的知识效应。本文从企业的知识观出发,指出跨国公司通过对外直接投资来拓展企业边界并进行知识的内部转移,不仅可以保持企业现有知识存量的完整性,而且也为知识的再结合和创造新知识构筑了平台,从而寻求动态的竞争优势。

Knowledge-based View of Evolution of Multinational Corporations

According to the traditional theories of multinational corporations(MNCs), the evolution of MNCs derives from the attribution of knowledgeas public goods and market failure in transaction of knowledge. Based onthe tacitness of knowledge and the nature of the enterprise as a socialcommunity, this paper indicates that the explanations of the classic theoriesdid not reflect the function that enterprises possess to transfer the tacitknowledge efficiently, the role of subsidiaries of creation of knowledge isneglected, and also the impact on knowledge on FDI. Expanding the boundaryof the firm and transferring the knowledge within it through foreign directinvestment, the MNCs not only keep the integrality of their knowledge stores,but also build the platform for recombination and creation of new knowledgein order to acquire the dynamic competitive advantage.