市场结构与政府规制

从规范的观点来看,政府规制一般应出现在资源配置的市场失灵领域,为了公共利益最大化。然而由于我国经济和政治体制特点,不同类型、不同程度的政府规制广泛存在与各个经济领域,对社会福利产生着不同的影响。以往的分析要么从市场的角度分析资源的最优配置,要么单纯从政府的角度分析规制的最优均衡,本文通过建立一个一般的政府规制模型来分析不同的市场结构下政府规制对资源配置或社会福利的影响,结果表明竞争性行业的经济性规制会减少社会福利,垄断条件下,政府恰当的规制可增加社会福利。结论认为,竞争性的行业应放弃经济性规制而转而加强社会性规制,垄断行业应随着技术 约束和市场约束的变化,而采用适应性规制。

The Market Structure and Regulation

From the standpoint of normative economics, regulation should be in place where market fails for the sake of maximization of public interests. But due to characteristics of political and economic system, the regulations of China prevail in various fields of economy, which exert a profound influence on social welfare. Former analyses focus either on the optimization of resource allocation in market, or on the optimization equilibrium of regulation. A generic regulation model presented in this paper, which analyzes influence of regulation on social welfare under different market structure, indicates that economic regulation in competitive industry will reduce welfare, whereas proper regulation of monopoly may increase welfare. Therefore a conclusion can be drawn that in competitive industry, economic regulation should be abandoned and social regulation should be strengthened and in industry of monopoly, adaptive regulation should be adopted with the looseness of technological and market constraint.