户籍样、田令和“均田制”

北魏太和九年颁布的所谓"均田"令,是人口土地登记法。其后,修订成一种带有赋税品式色彩的户籍样式———"丘井之式"。北魏在以"六镇"为中心的西北边疆地区实行过垦田,颁布过垦田法,它也是这一地区"府户"的户籍样,后来增添进了"丘井之式"。北齐继承了户籍样制度,把北魏两种户籍样混合为一,并把规定当作土地登记和管理法归入《田令》。隋、唐沿袭北齐之制。治史者不了解源自"品式"的户籍样制度,不了解北魏有两种户籍样,把"均田"误解为均分土地,制造了"均田制"这一错误的概念。

On Household Register Prototype, Land Law and "Jun Land System"

The "Jun Land Law" promulgated in the North Wei Dynasty was a registered population-land law and through later modification became a tax-related household register prototype: Qiujing prototype. In the period of the North Wei Dynasty, land reclamation was carried out in the northwest border region with the "six towns" as the center and a land reclamation law was promulgated which later became the household register prototype in this region. The North Qi Dynasty inherited this household register system but put the two types together. The regulations taken as the land register and management law were put in Land Law. The Sui and Tang Dynasty inherited the system of the North Qi Dynasty. Because many historians did not know the household register system originating from "Ping prototype" and were ignorant of the two household register systems in the North Wei Dynasty, they mistook "Jun Land" for "equally shared land", thus a misconception of "equally shared land system".