西方残障身份发展理论述评及本土化思考

积极的残障身份认同对残障者本身具有重要意义,残障身份发展是残障者实现身份认同的路径,理解残障身份发展的过程也可以让残疾人工作者更好地为残障者提供教育、康复等相关服务。本文通过梳理较为典型的西方残障身份发展理论,结合国内残障身份相关研究及本土社会文化背景展开讨论。文章认为,在西方残障身份发展理论框架下,残障者形成积极身份认同的关键在于认同并融入一套在残障社区内共享的残障文化,而在我国社会文化背景下,目前并没有一套成体系的残障文化,残障者也难以体会残障的文化身份感,国内残障者的身份认同缺少本土残障文化依靠。

Reflection on the Western Disability Identity Development Models in Chinese Social-culture Context

As an important guide for people with disabilities to achieve their identity,disability identity development is meaningful for persons with disabilities to reach positive disability identity,and it is imperative that able-bodied professionals(i.e.teachers,therapists,rehabilitation professionals and caregivers)working with persons with disabilities become aware of this developmental process to be able to better support them along this journey.The article discussed some typical disability identity phenomena under the Chinese social-culture context,based on a review of the western disability identity development models(DIDM).It is thought that in the framework of western DIDM persons with disabilities need accept a value system called disability culture so that they could synthesize a relatively positive identity.However,there is no set of disability culture under the Chinese social-culture context presently,persons with disabilities in China may not frame their disabilities as cultural identity,and they have no cultural harbor for their identity development either.