人口学视角下的产业集聚综述

20世纪70年代开始,世界范围内掀起了产业集聚研究热潮。随着研究的深入,相关研究也不再囿于区域经济学和经济地理学的藩篱。从人口学视角考察产业集聚也是一种新的学术探索,通过对国内外学者相关文献的梳理,发现产业集聚要求有一定规模的人口(劳动力)作为基础,但是人口质量的作用更显著,且通过两种途径影响产业集聚:一是不同专业技术知识和特长的劳动力或技术人才组成的专业化人才市场,为产业集聚提供必要的优质人力资本;二是教育机构、科研机构和高素质人才对高科技产业集聚的影响。与此同时,制造业向某一区域集聚的同时伴随着较大规模的人口流动,这点在国外经验性文献和中国的现实数据中都得到佐证。

Review on Industrial Agglomeration from a Demographic Perspective

The 1970s witnessed the surging enthusiasm to study industrial agglomeration worldwide.With the researches going further,relevant researches are no longer confined to regional economics and economic geography.It is a new academic exploration to study industrial agglomeration from a demographic perspective.Through reviews of literature by domestic and international scholars,the paper discusses that industrial agglomeration requires a certain amount of population(labor force) as a basis,but population quality plays a more significant role.Industrial agglomeration is impacted by two factors: First,specialized talent market composed of labor force with different technical knowledge and expertise or technical personnel can provide industry agglomeration with necessary high-quality human capital.Second,educational institutions,research institutions and high-quality personnel exert impact on high-tech industrial agglomeration.At the same time,agglomeration of the manufacturing industry to a certain region is accompanied by large-scale population movements,which is corroborated by international empirical literature and domestic practical data.