论玄学与谢灵运山水诗

晋宋是玄学的鼎盛时期,随着宋文帝对“四馆”的设立,玄学一跃而成为了当时的“官学”。玄学助长了当时社会的归隐之风,使诸多文化精英将目光投向了山水田园。在这种文化背景下问世的谢灵运的山水诗,乃具有明显的“玄言特色”。而采用“三段式结构”进行创作,在诗中“言必称玄”,则是谢灵运山水诗受玄学影响所呈现出来的最为明显的特点。刘勰《文心雕龙·明诗》之“庄老告退,而山水方滋”的说法,并不符合山水诗发展的历史真实。

On Metaphysics and Landscape Poems by Xie Lingyun

The Jin and Song Dynasties were the periods of the prime and prosperity of Metaphysics. Since the foundation of "Siguan" by Emperor Wen of the Song Dynasty, metaphysics had become the "official learning" of that period promptly. Metaphysics encouraged the social trend to withdraw from the society and live in solitude at that time, drawing many intellectuals' attention to the natural scenery. The landscape poems by Xie under this cultural background were strongly characterized by its "metaphysical language". The most striking characters influenced by Metaphysics in his poems are the "structure of three-paragraph" and "no words without the thoughts of Metaphysics". The statement "With the retreat of Zhuangzi and Laozi, there came the landscape poems" in Ming Poem, Wenxindiaolong by Liu Xie, isn't in keeping with the historical development of the landscape poems.