中国古代审美观照的拓展与深化——论郭象“独化”哲学中的“俯仰”与“虚静”的整合

郭象独化哲学的崇有把自然山水审美引向独立,相当于掀起一场美学革命。这其中包括对俯仰与虚静两种审美观照的整合,深深影响了此后美学思想发展进程的基本走向。俯仰与虚静各有所长,亦各有所短。俯仰有观物取象之长,亦有思维的类比受限之短;虚静有排斥外通感物之短,亦有拓展心灵自由之长。郭象的无心玄应,唯感是从则构成二者的交融互补。其经无心过滤清洗过的唯感是从,一方面以俯仰的类比之短补入虚静的心灵自由之长,另一方面以隔绝外通之短补入俯仰的接物之长。中古山水审美的寓目辄书蔚然成风、巧言切状的追求及目击道存的观照方式的确认和推行,均得益于这种整合。它既是对庄子虚静排除具体感性的改造,又是对其目击道存理论依据的创造性发展,从而大大拓展和深化了中国古代的审美观照。

The Development and Intensification of Aesthetics in Ancient China:Integrating Fuyang and Xujing in GUO Xiang's Solo-Growth Philosophy

GUO Xiang's solo-growth philosophy advocates You,turing aesthetics of nature landscape to self critical appreciation, which seems like an aesthetics revolution. This advocacy integrates Fuyang and Xujing which greatly influenced the general trend for aesthetics development afterwards. Fuyang and Xujing have their own strong and weak points. Fuyang has the advantage of watching for image,while it also contains the drawback of restriction from analogy thinking. Xujing has the weakpoint of excluding synaesthes...