象雄王朝在青藏高原西北部的终结与在东南部的延续

通过对象雄与嘉绒的族源关系、嘉绒口语中的象雄语活态词汇，以及象雄文化在藏青藏高原东南部边沿遗存等诸多事实的考察发现，象雄十八王国作为象雄文化的标志性符号之一，其历史在青藏高原西北部被终结的同时，在青藏高原东南部得到了延续，最显著标志史称嘉绒十八王国。象雄王国的空间地理范围，尽管各个历史时期文献记载不尽一致，然而有一条是非常清楚的，那就是无论象雄王朝的历史有多么悠久多么漫长，无论象雄王朝涉及的疆域有多广变化有多大，给人的整体印象是象雄王国历史舞台的中心始终在青藏高原，其历史舞剧的影响力时而远及青藏高原西北部边缘的广泛地区，时而远及青藏高原东南部边缘的岷江上游地区。今天的藏东嘉绒地区、岷江上游，乃至于成都平原的广汉三星堆和金沙遗址，仍然有不少远古象雄文化的印记。一句话，象雄文化最能反映藏文化的整体性特点。

The End of Zhang Zhung Kingdom in the Northwestern Area of the Qinghai-Tibet High Plateau and Its Continuation in the Southeastern Area

Through an analysis of the related data, we can conclude that the center of Zhang Zhung culture, as well as its general historical distribution was once clear. However, its precise boundaries were vague. Seen from the means of offering proof, our way to understand the end of the Zhang Zhung Kingdom in the northwestern part of the Qinghai-Tibet high plateau and its continuation in the southeastern part not only involves a general methodology, but also involves empirical issues concerning practical micro data. This is due to the situations involved in this topic. Speaking more specifically, 1) the interpretations from ancient Tibetan literature are numerous, but these created more difficulties for non-Tibetan authors to use to reflect on Tibetan history in ancient times; 2) most ancient Tibetan literature came from the writings of professional monks, so, it was not easy to use them to reflect upon the life struggles in secular society; 3) the barrier that existed between religious sects is almost equal to that of the spatial barrier created by the vast territory with its small population; 4) related disciplinary research,especially professional disciplines such as archaeology, lags behind.It is due to these reasons that it is still difficult for us to discern the authentic features of Tibetan culture. Even so, there is no doubt that Zhang Zhung culture is one which could reflect authentic features of Tibetan culture. Although the Zhang Zhung culture has been missing from our vision of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau for many years, and because it is very difficult to reconstruct it, if we have enough cultural awareness and confidence, the Zhang Zhung culture can be reconstructed. In addition, authentic features of Tibetan culture could be fully reflected by restoring the pieces of memory of Zhang Zhung culture found in the northwestern part of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, as well as through a deep interpretation of the living culture of Zhang Zhung in southeastern part of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau.