企业集群共生演化模型及实证研究

企业集群的共生演化主要受集群企业个体适应度、所处市场环境以及与其他企业之间的合作关系三个因素影响。企业集群的演化实质是区域经济系统和区域生态系统藕合而成的复杂系统,其发展受利益驱动机制和生态平衡机制的双重制约。在复合机制的支配下,企业集群的演化态势呈现出复杂的行为和轨迹。利用模型相关指标对中国部分制造类企业集群1985-2004年的整体演化轨迹进行了测定。计算结果表明,在研究时限内除普通机械制造类企业已经进入集群演化周期的衰退期以外,电子及通信设备制造、医药制造、交通运输设备制造、电气机械及器材制造和仪器仪表及文化设备制造类企业集群目前正处于成长期或成熟期。企业集聚弹性能够反映出不同集群水平变化对区域工业经济增长产生的不同影响,可以为评价和发展企业集群提供决策依据。

The Evolution Model and Empirical Studies of Enterprises Cluster Symbiosis

The evolution of entrprises cluster is influenced mainly by the enterprise individual adaptability,the market environment and the symbiosis among the enterprises.The essence of evolving enterprises cluster is a complex system that the interaction between regional economy system and regional ecosystem.The development of regional enterprises cluster is double restricted by interest driven mechanism and ecological balance mechanism.Under the domination of the compounding mechanism,the evolution of regional enterprises cluster takes on complicated behavior and orbit.The evolution track of enterprises cluster of China's manufacturing industry was measured by the evolution model in 1985-2004.The conclusion indicates that the agglomeration level of China's manufacturing industry is rising continuously excluding ordinary machinery enterprises.Now enterprises clusters has entered the pullulating or mature period,such as medical and pharmeaceutical products,transport equipment enterprises,electric equipment and machinery enterprises,electronic and telecommunications equipment enterprises and instruments,cultrual and office enterprises and so on.The agglomeration elasticity can reflect the different influence that the changing of different agglomeration level brings on the development of economy;all these can offer the reference for appraising and developing industry cluster.