浅议地理环境对北方、南方陆上丝路及海上丝路的影响

中国独特的地理环境决定了历史时期中国对外交通必须通过北方、南方陆上和海上丝路联系域外,三大丝路沿线的自然环境决定了各自丝路的交通方式和规模。北方草原丝路和北方绿洲丝路是早期比较繁荣的陆上交通线,交通工具多为耐旱的骆驼和马匹。南方陆上丝路经过的地区多岭谷山地和雨林灌丛地区,形成了“马帮”的运输形式。受海上自然环境与造船、航海水平的影响,海上丝路的航线不断延伸。随着陆上自然环境的恶化和各种人文因素的影响,三大丝路的变迁最终以海上丝路成为联系中外的主旋律。

On the Influences of Geographical Environment on the Silk Road in China

the unique geographical environment of China shaped the three main communications of it with the outside world in history.Each of the means of transportation and scale of the northern and southern land Silk Roads and the sea Silk Road was determined by respective natural environment.The northern land Silk Road,crossing northern grasslands and oases,relied mainly on camels and horses as the means of transportation.The southern Silk Road,winding through numerous mountains and valleys,depended mainly on "horse bands".But with the technological development of shipping and the natural deterioration on land,sea Silk Roads have become the main means of transportation for China to communicate with other countries.