卢梭与启蒙自由派

卢梭的名言"人生而自由,却无处不在枷锁之中"虽然流传和影响极广,却是一句极为含糊的说法,迄今学界并未获得一致公认的识读。卢梭在《论科学和文艺》中的一段话有助于我们释读这句名言,亦有助于我们理解卢梭一生写作的主导意图。卢梭敏锐地看到启蒙智识人创构的"社会"概念的实质,指出了科学和文艺与启蒙精神所推重的商业精神的内在关联。卢梭针对封建君主、"开化的人民"和启蒙智识人的分别表述,表达了卢梭对启蒙运动的政治诉求的深刻质疑。

Rousseau and the Enlightenment of the Liberal Intellectuals

In spite of its great popularity and extensive influence,Rousseau’s famous saying of "Man is born free,and everywhere he is in chains" has always been puzzling for generations of scholars up to recent days,due to its extreme obscurity and diversified ways of interpretation.One important passage in Rousseau’s Discourse on the sciences and arts contributes to the clarification of this saying,as well as to the revelation of Rousseau’s ultimate intention within all writings of his life.Rousseau accurately discerns the intellectuals’ innovations in the concept of society,and points out the inner connection of the sciences and arts to commercial spirit,which is held in high esteem in the enlightenment.The diversified and careful sayings which Rousseau takes to address the "earthly powers","civilized peoples" and "talents",demonstrate Rousseau’s insightful observation of the quality and innate character of enlightenment.