所有权在罗马私法中的正义性维度与局限

作为近代私法的重要蓝本，罗马私法最早系统地规定了关于所有权的法理内容。所有权在罗马私法中的确立和嬗变，主要体现了制度对经济活动之间能动的互动关系。在罗马私法对先占权、孳息和所有权转移的规定中，一方面劳动被提升至价值与合法性的重要来源，另一方面将等价的正义观念引入了对所有权归属的判定。罗马私法早熟于其他古代文明的内容，一方面成为了近代西欧大陆私法的重要参照，另一方面推动了个人主义的所有权观念和正义原则在近代法治社会的勃发。但是，正如资本主义所有权所依赖的程序正义和形式平等在现实中的局限，罗马私法的限度不仅是历史性的，更是实践性的。

The Justice Issue and Historical Limitation of Proprietary in Roman Law

As an indispensable blueprint for modern private laws, the Roman private law firstly provided the systematically legal principles of proprietary, the establishment and evolution of which mainly showed the dynamic interaction between the institutions and economic activities. The preemption, interests and ownership transfer in the Roman private law not only elevated labour as the important resource of value and legality, but also introduced the justice concept of equivalent value into the judgment of proprietary owners. The private law matured earlier than the counterpart in other civilizations, becoming the significant reference for the modern private laws in Western European continents, and facilitating the individualism proprietary concept and justice principle advance greatly in modern society. However, just as the actual limitation of the procedural justice and formal equality on which the capitalist proprietary depends, that of the Roman private law is historical and even practical