元杂剧与南戏中人物上下场的表演按语

元杂剧中有所谓“开呵”,是人物上场时自我表白的按语,这种按语主要为自我介绍,但也伴有叙说剧本梗概、交代情节、请求赏赐等功能。“开呵”本是古代伎艺人开场时的熟例,元杂剧和南戏继承这一表演传统,并在表演形态上加以改造,由原来单一的散说转变成诗词韵语,唱念结合,甚至杂有所谓“焰爨”,即舞蹈形式。此外,元杂剧和南戏还在“开呵”的基础上发展出剧中的“按呵”和剧末的“收呵”,二者皆是以剧外人身份所作的断语,“按呵”是对剧情的发展所作的提示、评价,“收呵”则是对剧中人物的结局进行评说。

A study of the performers' inter-act comments of the comic drama and Nanxi during the Yuan Dynasty

The so-called Kaia of the comic drama during the Yuan Dynasty are performers' inter-act comments,which serve the function of self-introduction occasionally accompied by an account of the story,the plot or request for rewards.Kaia was originally a convention of ancient performances.Inherited and adpated by the comic drama and Nanxi during the Yuan Dynasty,it was changed from free narration to poetic rhymes,even accompanied by "Yanfan",a mode of dance.Moreover,the intermediate Ana and the ending Shoua were later devleoped on the basis of Kaia by the comic drama and Nanxi during the Yuan Dynasty,both of which took the form of notes made by an outsider.Ana served the purpose of reminding of the progress of the drama while Shoua served the purpose of commenting on the outcome of the characters of the drama.