休谟问题及其效应

自从休谟提出休谟问题以来,如何理解和解决休谟问题向哲学家们提出了挑战。休谟问题在休谟那里表现为因果问题,即因果联系的必然性问题。休谟的因果问题直接引发了康德的哲学思考,被改造、转换为康德问题。在康德看来,包括因果范畴在内的先天形式作用于经验现象,就形成了普遍必然的科学知识。于是,休谟问题成了知识的可能性问题。休谟的因果问题包含着引申出归纳问题的可能性,因此现代经验主义者和批判理性主义者把休谟对因果联系必然性的质疑转换成对归纳推理的合理性和可靠性的质疑。正确解决休谟问题的方法论原则是:正确地理解休谟问题;运用辩证思维;坚持实践观点。

The Hume Question and Its Effect

How to understand and solve the Hume Question poses a challenge to philosophers since Hume put it forward. In Hume's opinion, Hume question is shown as the question of causality, which is the question of the necessity of causal relation. Hume Question arose Kant's thinking directly,and is transformed into the Kant Question. In the eyes of Kant, universal and necessary scientific knowledge come into being after the affection of empirical appearance by innate relation, including causal category. Hume Question is, thus, equal to the question of the necessity of knowledge. As it is possible that the question of causality lead to the question of induction, modern empiricists and critical rationalists substitute query on the rationality and reliability of inductive inference for query on the necessity of causal relation by Hume. The methodological principle of the correct solution to Hume Question is to apply dialectical thinking and practical viewpoint to a correct understanding of Hume Question.