实用主义教育思想及其对我国高职课程改革的启迪

针对传统课程导致学校教育与社会生活脱节的问题，以“实用主义哲学”和“机能心理学”为理论基础的实用主义教育思想，提出了以“学习者生长”为教育目的、以“经验”为教育内容、以“做中学”为教育方法、以“儿童是中心”为活动主体等具体主张，对我国高等职业教育课程改革具有启迪作用。在我国高等职业教育课程目标设计时除考虑促进社会发展的职业教育内在功利性目标外，更应考虑促进学习者个体发展的教育性目标；在课程内容设计时除考虑知识体系外，还应考虑学习者在学习过程中获得的经验，使学习者从被动接受知识转变为学习行动的积极参与者，而教师则从知识传授者转变为学习过程中的咨询者、指导者和促进者。

Pragmatic Education Thought and Its Enlightement on Curriculum Reform of Chinese Higher Vocational Education

Facing the problem of the inconformity between school education and social life caused by traditional curricula, the pragmatic education thought which is based on the pragmatic philosophy and function psychology implies that students＇ growth is taken as the educational purpose and experience as the content of education. It is also emphasized that learning through practice is the method of education and child is the active agent. It provides enlightenment on the reform of higher vocational education. Besides the utilitarian objective of vocational education to improve the social development, the educational aim to promote the students development individually in our country should also be considered when the curriculum objectives for higher vocational education are being designed. It is important to incorporate the experience that the students can obtain as well as the knowledge system into the curriculum content. The student should change from passive learning to active participation in studies. Meanwhile, the role of teacher also changes from the knowledge transmitter to consultant, conductor and promoter for students＇ learning.