《深渊》中的城市空间

19世纪末20世纪初，美国工业化和城市化进程加快，一批小说家开始关注并描写城市空间及城市人的价值观。作为美国城市小说的先行者之一，弗兰克·诺里斯创作了以芝加哥为背景的代表作《深渊》，并将其对现代城市的印象糅入歌剧院、街道和商贸大厦等城市空间的描写中。《深渊》突显了美国早期现代城市空间的基本特性，探讨了城市空间对不同城市个体的价值观和人生观所产生的巨大影响，反映了以诺里斯为代表的美国知识分子对转型期美国的社会价值、生存理念、人的归宿等问题的思考和焦虑以及他们呼吁整个社会予以关注的声音。

THE URBAN SPACE IN THE PIT

With the process of American industrialization and urbanization accelerated, a group of novelists began to pay great attention to and describe the urban space and urban value during the 20 years of the late 19th century and early 20th century. As one of the pioneers of the American urban novel, Frank Norris＇s masterpiece The Pit is set in Chicago which is regarded as a typical American modem city. In this novel, Frank Norris conveys his impression on modem cities in his depiction of urban space as the opera house, the streets and the trade building and so forth. Moreover, Norris highlights the basic features of the early American modem urban space and its influence on different urban individuals, expresses his cogitation and anxiety on the American social value, lives meaning and human＇s fate in the transitional period and appeals for the concern of the whole society.