齐泽克的意识形态幻象理论

拉康的主体理论是齐泽克意识形态学说的理论基础。拉康的主体是被阉割的主体，主体只有被阉割、分裂，才能进入象征秩序中。主体的阉割是不完全的，总会留有残余，这些残余作为创伤性的原质进入象征界，会形成能指秩序的不一致和空缺。意识形态幻象就是用来修饰、填补能指秩序的空缺，隐藏其非一致性，赋予社会以整合的意义。这种功能是通过主人能指、移情、认同等运作环节来完成的。从结构主义精神分析学的角度出发，齐泽克认为意识形态批评的主要任务，就是要穿透意识形态幻象，揭示其运作机制，破除其崇高之逻辑，通过征兆性解读，洞察意识形态的本质。

Zizek's Theory of Ideological Fantasy

Zizek's theory of ideology is based on Lakan's theory of subject. In lakan's theory, subject must be symbolically castrated and split before he is admitted by the symbolic order. However, the castration is not complete and will leave some leftovers, which will enter the symbolic order and lead to its disorder and void. Ideological fantasy can cover the disorder by modifying and filling up the void,and give society the meaning of integration. The mechanism is made up of master signifier, transference, identification, etc. Basing on the structural psychoanalysis, Zizek thinks that the main tasks of ideological criticism are penetrating the fantasy, discovering the mechanism of ideology, revealing the logic of sublimity, and looking through the essences of ideology by symptomatic reading.