在认知与情感之间——略论西方近代自然哲学

西方近代哲学对人与自然关系的理论把握，是古希腊自然哲学对人与自然矛盾关系的观念的进一步发展。培根和笛卡尔开创了机械论自然观的先河，在这种自然观中，人作为主体上升为人与自然关系矛盾的主要方面，但自然却沦为被动的存在。德国理性主义哲学则带有原始的浪漫主义色彩，德国古典哲学家意图重新融合人与自然、主体与客体，寻求一种完美的普遍性、统一性。然而由于对人与自然关系矛盾本质理解的偏差，德国古典哲学从浪漫主义经由思辩主义走向了自我终结。自然哲学中人对自然的认知需求与情感需求的矛盾，以新的方式延续在当代西方哲学中。

Between Cognition and Emotion

Modern Western philosophy on the relationship between man and nature is the development of the ancient Greek philosophical idea about the contradiction between man and nature. Francis Bacon and Decartes are the pioneers of the mechanical natural view. According to this view, man as subject rises to the principal aspect of the contradiction, but nature has become the passive existence. German rational- ism carries the flavor of primitive Romanticism. German classical philosophers try to harmonize man and nature, subject and object, to seek a perfect universality and uniformity. However, it misunderstands the contradiction between man and nature,and this causes its termination.