巴西大学治理模式变迁研究——基于“三角协调模型”的视角

传统的动机二分法将内部动机与外部动机视为相对独立的二元关系,动机的自我决定理论对人类动机的内部结构进行整合重构,并提出了有关不同类型动机内化的路径模型。创业教育体验式教学模式作为一种尊重自主支持的实境互动教学方式,建构了符合自我决定理论生长的教学场域,为促进大学生创业动机内化提供了可能性。研究表明,有效的体验式教学模式应该站在学生生命发展的整体高度,关注学生在教学活动中的主体地位,组织建构实境化的教学情境,并且采用开放灵活的教学方式和手段实现教学目标。在有效的体验式教学过程中,师生、生生,以及学生自己都处于互动和对话的状态,学生的“自主”“胜任”“关系”三种心理需求不断得到满足,创业动机逐渐受到激发、调优和强化。自我决定理论既是设计体验式教学理论模型和课程实践方案的指导理念,也是检验其教学有效性的重要标准。

A Study on the Evolution of Governance Models of Brazilian Universities ——From the Perspective of “Triangle of Coordination”

According to Burton Clarks “triangle of coordination”,the operation mechanism of university governance is based on the relationship and interaction of the three basic elements of government,university and market.From the perspective of historical development,Brazilian universities have experienced the changes of three governance models,namely the dual governance model under the federal centralization,the collective co-determination model under the democratic wave,and the governance model under the new public management.In the process of transformation of the governance model of Brazilian universities,the relationship between the government and universities,administration and academia,and universities and the market has been constantly adjusted with the changes of the times.The current Brazilian university governance is also facing some problems,such as the erosion of university ideas by excessive marketization,the damage to university autonomy by the far-right government,and the restriction of university development by a single financial model.