不确定需求下考虑资金约束的生鲜农产品政府补贴策略

针对需求不确定环境下政府如何对生鲜农产品供应链进行补贴的问题，在考虑财政资金的约束下，分别构建了无政府补贴、采购补贴和销售补贴三种情形下的博弈模型。通过对比分析得出了政府的最优补贴策略，并分析了补贴策略对生鲜供应链最优决策的影响，最后用数值算例进一步说明了不同补贴策略对不同类型生鲜农产品的影响。研究发现，补贴策略的选择与财政预算密切相关。在财政预算充裕时，两种补贴策略都有效且可行，都能平抑物价、增加供给、拉动需求；从改善社会整体福利的角度，采购补贴为最优策略；从补贴资金效率的角度，销售补贴为最优策略。在销售补贴预算充裕而采购补贴预算存在缺口时，销售补贴为最优策略。在财政预算不足时，政府的最优策略就是不干涉市场的运营。

Government Subsidy Strategies of Fresh Products Considering Capital Constraints under Uncertain Demand

Due to the characteristics of fresh products such as perishability and short life cycle, as well as the uncertainty of market demand, the operation of fresh products supply chain is more complicated. Therefore, “difficult to sell vegetables, expensive to buy vegetables”, “dull of sale”, “in short supply” has been a hot news. For example, domestic pork prices continued to rise sharply in 2019 due to a pig epidemic in Africa. To effectively control prices and increase supply, more than 2 billion yuan in special fiscal subsidies had been distributed in 29 provinces by the end of August. The typical way of subsidy is sale subsidy and purchase subsidy. Different subsidy methods have significant differences on fresh products suppliers, sellers, consumers and the government, and the fiscal budget restricts the choice of government subsidy strategies.