期权契约机制下应急物资储备模型研究

大规模突发灾害发生后，救灾所需物资种类繁多、数量暴增，为了满足受灾人群对应急物资的巨大需求，国家积极践行应急物资储备社会化，发挥社会企业及其资源在物资储备供应上的优势，构建起政府储备和企业储备相结合的应急物资保障机制。然而，现有绝大多数研究都是假设政府与一家企业签订应急物资代储协议，对于如何将更多的企业纳入国家应急物资保障体系的研究甚少，导致现有的研究成果缺少适用性和拓展性。基于此，本研究引入期权契约到政府和多个异质型企业组成的应急物资供应链系统，构建了政企合作模式下基于期权契约的应急物资储备模型，给出了协调应急物资供应链系统、改善供应链成员成本收益的条件，得到了协调企业利润分配的柔性机制。研究表明，一定条件下期权契约机制下的应急物资储备模型缓解了国家储备的压力，在保证企业利润得到改善的同时实现了企业利润的合理分配，极大地提高了政府应急物资保障能力，同时也为强化政企合作关系、落实应急物资储备社会化提供了理论支撑与针对性的管理策略。

The Model of Pre-positioning Relief Supplies under Option Contracts

The recent sudden events and/or natural disasters are happening with increasing frequency around the whole world, such earthquakes, hurricanes, tsunamis andmajor epidemic diseases (COVID-19), etc. Those destructive sudden disasters not only increase the demand for relief supplies both on quantity and kinds, but also bring a tremendous threat to people’s health and life as well as their property. The demand for relief supplies both on quantity and types after the outbreak of sudden disasters dramatically increases. To satisfy the affected people’s huge demand for such supplies, the Chinese government has been advocating social policies in the pre-positioning of relief supplies, and hopes to build a relief supplies guarantee mechanism combining the enterprises’reservation system and the government’s emergencywarehouses.