政府注意力差异化配置对公共政策样态的塑造——以中国生育政策为例

从政府注意力配置焦点与公共政策演进特征的匹配关系出发，识别出政府注意力在持续、转移、波动、加持作用下，政策过程呈现四种样态——政策平衡、断续、碎片、迭代。同时，以中国生育政策为例，对政府注意力与中国生育政策样态的匹配关系进行研究发现：四种政策样态间的转换关系，符合由政策间断到再次均衡的螺旋式上升规律；政府注意力配置方式易于演化为一种政策问题筛选机制，从而产生“信号过滤”和“信息排斥”现象；固有的理念与相对稳定的政策架构，强化了注意力转换钝性，政策均衡得以维持恒定；政策精英在引导政府视线，促成政策样态转换中发挥关键作用，但仍无法脱离倡议范畴，只能对政策形成起到间接作用。研究力图廓清政府注意力差异化配置与公共政策样态的匹配关系、政府注意力资源的动态调整对政策实践的作用机理，对理解和认识公共政策样态的形成和演进过程具有积极意义。

The Different Allocation of Government Attention to the Shaping of Public Policy:Taking China's Fertility Policy as an Example

Starting from the matching relationship between the focus of government attention allocation and the evolution characteristics of public policy,it is identified that under the action of continuous,shifting,fluctuating and supportive government attention,the policy process presents four patterns -policy balance,discontinuity,fragmentation and iteration.At the same time,taking China's fertility policy as an example,this paper studies the matching relationship between the government attention and China's fertility policy.It is found that the switching relationship among the four policy patterns accords with the spiral law from policy discontinuity to re-equilibrium,and the allocation of government attention is easy to evolve into a screening mechanism for policy issues,thus the phenomenon of "signal filtering" and "information exclusion" is produced;the inherent idea and the relatively stable policy framework strengthen the bluntness of the shift of attention,and the policy equilibrium is kept constant;the policy elite is guiding the government's vision,which is not separated from the scope of the initiative,playing a key role in promoting the transformation of policy patterns instead of an indirect role in the formation of policies.The study attempts to clarify the matching relationship between differentiated allocation of government attention and public policy patterns,and themechanism of the dynamic adjustment of government attention resources on policy practice,which is of positive significance to understand the formation and evolution process of public policy patterns.