可能与边界:百年中国图画书的理论建构

百年来我国图画书理论的探索主要围绕三个方面展开。首先是图画书对儿童的价值。依据儿童年龄阶段理论，年龄越小越需要图画，呈现出将图画书划归幼童文学的趋势。当代原创图画书不缺传统文化元素和绘画技法，却需要弥补“童性”的不足。其次是图画书的名称与身份归属。前者关系到这种艺术形式的自觉，后者则聚焦于图画书是否是儿童文学，其观点分歧在于是否承认图画书之图画的特殊叙事功能。当代原创图画书应超越插图式表现而探索图画的叙事艺术。最后是图画书的图文关系。当代主流观点强调图文的交互作用，“无边的绘本”这一概念反对将文图“互补叙事”视作图画书唯一正当的图文关系和至高无上的价值标准。图画书的生命力在于图文关系的“无限可能性”。梳理与反思我国百年图画书理论的建构历程，考辨图画书这一儿童文学样式的可能与边界，意在促进我国原创图画书的发展。

Possibility and Boundary:the Theoretical Construction of Chinese Picture Books in the Past Hundred Years

In the past hundred years,the exploration of the theory of picture books in China has mainly focused on three aspects.The first is the value of picture books to children.According to the theory of children's age,the younger the age,the more pictures are needed,showing the trend of classifying picture books into children's literature.Contemporary original picture books do not lack traditional cultural elements and painting techniques,but they need to make up for the lack of "childlike nature".The second is the name and identity of picture books.The former is related to the consciousness of this art form,while the latter focuses on whether to classify picture books into children's literature.The difference of views lies in whether to recognize the special narrative function of picture books.The contemporary original picture book should go beyond the illustrative expression and explore the narrative art of the picture.Finally,there is the picture-text relationship in picture books.The contemporary mainstream point of view emphasizes the interaction between picture and text,and the concept of "boundless picture book" is opposed to the concept of "complementary narration" as the only legitimate picture-text relationship and supreme value standard of picture books.The vitality of picture books lies in the "infinite possibility" of the relationship between picture and text.This paper clarifies and reflects on the construction of the theory of picture books in China in the past hundred years,and examines the possibility and boundary of picture books,a kind of children's literature,in order to promote the development of original picture books in China.