失地农村妇女的社会保障问题研究

失地农村妇女在经济、政治、法律、文化以及其他方面所处的不利社会地位,导致她们在生存和就业上比失地男性农民面临更为严峻的挑战,因而其社会保障问题的解决也显得更为急迫.解决失地农村妇女社会保障问题的直接途径是参与社会保险,然而受主客观因素的多方面限制,我国失地农村妇女参与社会保险的现状不容乐观,政府在解决这一问题上的力量也十分有限,因此,解决失地农村妇女的社会保障问题必须从广义的社会保障含义出发,通过建立适合失地农村妇女现状的多层次社会保障体系、全面提高失地农村妇女素质、加强政府解决失地农村妇女生存和就业困境的职能建设等途径来切实解决失地农村妇女的保障问题.

A Study on Landless Rural Women's Social Security

Disadvantageous status in economic, political, legal , cultural and many other aspects, which have been caused by rural women's being l andless, will give rise to a tougher challenge in their survival and employment, compared with landless rural men. Therefore, it is more imperative to solve the ir social security problems. The direct way to do so is their carrying social in surance, according to the investigation of landless women in the Yuhang District of Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province undertaken by the district's Women's Federa tion. However, it is not so optimistic currently to enable them to get the insur ance, owing to subjective and objective limitations. Subjectively landless women have weak insurance awareness, while objectively they are not provided with muc h access to social insurance, which is the root cause that a very limited number of them have insurance. In the current system of social insurance there are two ways for these women to gain the insurance. One is to put them into the overall social insurance system directly via the rural social insurance system; and the other is to do the same job via the urban social insurance system, which is geared towards those working in the urban area. At present, however, there are serious obstacles in the way to the goal. Given t he current development of our social security and the financial conditions and m uch limited capabilities of the government, joint efforts of landless women, gov ernments and society are necessary to reach the goal. To construct a multi-leve l social security system for landless women is the direct way to solve their pro blem. This multi-level system should be instituted according to the principle o f giving priority to the basic social security system while being complemented b y social insurance. Nevertheless, the fundamental way out is to upgrade these wo men's overall quality and enhance their competence for re-employment. And durin g this process, it is essential to strengthen the government's function and perf ect the systems related to these women's survival and employment, so as to provi de a favorable environment for them.