我国刑事被害人救助制度的未来走向——以国家刑事赔偿、国家刑事补偿与刑事被害人救助关系辨析为进路

从未来发展来看,背负更多政治使命和道义责任的中国刑事被害人救助制度的产生只是权宜之计,建立包含刑事被害人国家补偿在内的《国家补偿法》,并使之与《国家赔偿法》并行呼应,才是我们期冀的国家救济体系的理想模式。但是,就经济发展水平和社会文明程度而论,我国眼下并不存在建立刑事被害人国家补偿制度的可能,刑事被害人救助制度无疑是时下中国最好的选择。在筹建刑事被害人救助制度时,应当首先厘清国家刑事赔偿与国家刑事补偿,以及国家刑事补偿中的刑事被害人国家补偿与刑事被害人救助之间的关系,这是刑事被害人救助制度乃至相关立法体系的构建基点,也蕴涵着中国刑事被害人救助制度的未来走向。

The Future Trend of Assistance system of China’s Criminal Victims: A Thinking Way of Relationship among National Criminal Compensation National Criminal Making-up and Criminal victims’ Assistance

From future development,the emerging of China’s criminal victims’ assistance system,which bearing more political missions and moral obligations,is just an expedient.It is an ideal mode of national remedy system we hoped to establish "National making-up Law",which including criminal victims’ making-up and makes it echoed the National Compensation Law.But,for the level of economic development and social civilization,it is impossible to establish criminal victims’ making-up system,so criminal victims’ assistance system is undoubtedly the best choice now.In the preparation of criminal victims’ assistance system,we should firstly make a clarification of the relationships between national criminal compensation and making-up and between criminal victims’ national compensation and assistant in national making-up system.This work is the base point of constructing the victims’ assistance system and the relevant legislative system,and also signals the future direction of China’s criminal victims’ assistance system.