乡村振兴背景下农村旅居康养的发展逻辑、限制与展望

农村退休迁移一度是西方多学科重点关注的研究话题,其兴起主要源自乡村生活价值重估、消费功能兴起以及老年人提高晚年生活质量的要求,但在国内学术界一直缺乏相应关注。伴随中国进入到城市化高速发展、乡村全面振兴的新发展阶段,珠三角、长三角等一些地方已开始出现与国外退休迁移相似的农村旅居康养动向。结合实地调查发现,相较于西方农村退休迁移的发展背景,国内农村旅居康养的产生是市场开发、政策引导、乡村建设和个体诉求共同作用的结果。鉴于国内农村旅居康养还存在全年段康养开发不足、医疗卫生基础薄弱、配套服务设施不完善、专业服务水平不高等问题,建议围绕城乡养老服务需求形成整合性框架,促进康养与旅游融合发展,引导乡村舒适驱动型发展,开展城乡互益性养老交流,建立城乡养老服务联合体,以实现城乡共建共享共富。

Development Logic, Limitations and Prospects of Rural Sojourn Health Eldercare in the Context of Rural Revitalization

Rural retirement migration was once a multidisciplinary research topic in the West countries.The main reasons for its rise include three aspects:the revaluation of rural life,the rise of rural consumption functions,and the requirements for improving the quality of life in old age.However,the domestic academic circles have not paid so much attention to this topic.As China has entered a new development stage of rapid urbanization and comprehensive rural revitalization,similar to those of foreign retirement migration,the trends of rural sojourn health elder care have begun to appear in some places.Combined with the field survey,this paper finds that the phenomenon of rural sojourn health elder care is the result of the joint action of market development,policy guidance,rural construction and individual appeal.However,compared with the development background of the western,rural retirement migration,the role of domestic policy guidance and community construction are more prominent.In view of the current destinations of rural sojourn health elder care,there are still problems such as insufficient development of health care in the whole year,lag in medical and health construction,incomplete supporting services,and low level of professional services.To achieve co construction,sharing and common wealth,this paper suggests forming an integrated construction framework around the needs of urban and rural elderly care services, boosting the integration of health care and tourism,guiding rural comfort driven development,carrying out urban and rural mutually beneficial elderly care exchanges,and establishing urban and rural elderly care service consortium.