农村分家模式对家庭规模变动的影响机制研究——基于对全国人口普查数据的分析

分析全国人口普查原始数据可以发现,自20世纪90年代启动市场化改革以来,中国农村分家模式发生明显的历史性变动,主要体现在兄弟分家和父子分家两方面:兄弟间的分家模式从"一次性分家"向"多次性分家"转变,兄弟结婚后越来越多地是结婚一个就分出去一个,而不是等所有兄弟都结婚之后再一次性分家;父子之间,原有的父亲选择与独子或者小儿子一起居住的模式也正在发生改变,父亲与所有儿子甚至是独子分家、形成空巢家庭在全国不少地区成为普遍趋势。分家模式的这两种变动趋势是农村家庭规模进一步小型化的直接推动因素。

Pattern of Family Property Division and Change of Family Scale in Rural Areas:Based on the National Census

The analysis of the raw data from national population census has found remarkable and historical changes in rural division for family property since 1990’s marketing reform,with two major alterations: the division between brothers,and the one between father and sons.The partition between brothers has changed from "one-time " model to "many-time" one,that is,the division is carried out whenever one of the brothers is married instead of the previous only-once division occurring only after all the brothers are married;the other model that a father chose to live either with the only or the youngest son has also changed into a prevalence now in many parts of the country that father is likely to separate from all his sons or even the only son and become an empty-nest family.The two changes directly push forward the smaller-size-family tendency in rural areas.