面临零部件过期的产品销售与售后服务供应链合同分析

备件库存管理对产品售后服务至关重要，而零部件过期会影响备件库存的正常补货，进而延长故障修复时间，降低产品可用率.终身购买作为应对零部件过期的重要策略，被广泛运用在实践中.然而，学术论文中关于零件过期对供应链管理影响的研究并不多见.本文建立了同时考虑产品销售和售后服务情况下的供应链动态博弈模型，分析了客户的产品订购批量、供应商的定价决策以及备件终身购买批量之间的相互作用，探讨了保修期和零部件过期采购成本对合同均衡策略和供应链利润的影响.结果表明，当零部件过期采购成本较低时，供应商可以在延长保修期的同时降低备件库存数量，并允许一定程度的备件缺货水平，从而最大化提升产品可用率所带来的收益.同时，应当适当降低对备件数量的技术标准要求.而当零部件过期 采购成本较高时，供应商应当避免提供较长的保修期，并增加备件终身购买批量以减小零部件过期带来的负面影响.此时，备件数量的技术标准则可以适当提高.

Supply chain contracting for product and after-sales service in the presence of obsolete components

Spare parts are critical to delivery of after-sales service, and component obsolescence can affect spare parts replenishment, which leads to longer product downtime and reduces product availability. In practice, life time purchase is used widely to deal with part obsolescence; yet its impact on suply chain management has not been well studied in the literature. This paper proposes a dynamic suply chain game model which captures product sales and after-sales service simultaneously. The interactions between the optimal decisions for product order quantity, pricing, and spare parts life time purchase quantity are analyzed, and the impacts of warranty and part reacquisition cost on the equilibrium outcome and the suplier''s profit are discussed. The results show that when the reacquisition cost is low, the suplier should offer long waranty while reducing the life time buy quantity to maximize the benefit of improved product availability. In the meantime, the technical standard for spare parts quantity should be reduced properly. When the reacquisition cost is high, the suplier is encouraged to reduce the waranty period and to purchase more spare parts to better control the cost of replenishing the obsolete parts. Then, the technical standard for spare parts quantity can also be set higher.