说江西诗病:严羽“妙悟入神”的活法美学体系——重新认识严羽的禅宗美学思想

在宋代禅宗美学思想的转型历程中,严羽提出了一个“妙悟—兴趣—入神”的活法美学思想体系.“妙悟”强调活法悟入,以心为法；“兴趣”化理为趣,达到兴象、意趣的玲珑融会,不落言筌；“入神”则要求风骨与气象的统一,神化无迹,无法可求,都贯穿着灵动的活法审美精神.严羽这种妙悟入神的美学思想,是对江西诗派的活法悟入美学思想的继承与发展,他的“说江西诗病”,实质就是用江西诗派的活法美学思想来纠正江西诗派的创作之失与批判江西诗派的创作流弊.因此,严羽是宋代禅宗活法美学思想的总结者,他用活法美学思想“说江西诗病”,宣告了宋代江西诗派的历史终结.

On the Shortcomings of Jiangxi Poetry School:Yan Yu’s Heart Comprehension Aesthetics System with Intuitive Apprehension and Enthrallment

In the transition progress of Zen aesthetics thoughts in Song dynasty,Yan Yu proposed the heart comprehension aesthetics system with intuitive apprehension,interest and enthrallment.Intuitive apprehension emphasizes flexible comprehension with heart,considers heart as the law.Interest changes theories into interests,and mixes objects with interests.Enthrallment demands the unity of strength and atmosphere.This kind of aesthetics developed from Jiangxi poetry school.He commented the shortcomings of Jiangxi poetry school in the way of correcting its creation failure and criticizing its creation abuses with its heart comprehension aesthetics.Yan Yu was the summarist of Zen’s heart comprehension aesthetics,and his critique about Jiangxi poetry school proclaimed the finality of Jiangxi poetry school in Song dynasty.